On August 9, 1940, the Quanza, a small Portuguese steamship that normally ran between Lisbon and South Africa, was chartered to transport 317 passengers from Lisbon to New York and then Vera Cruz. The ship landed on August 19, 1940, in New York City, where 196 people disembarked. One hundred and twenty-one passengers were refused permission to come ashore. The boat continued on to Vera Cruz, Mexico, where thirty-five passengers left the ship before the rest were denied entry, their Mexican visas considered invalid. Eighty-six refugees remained on board. On September 11, 1940, the Quanza made an overnight stop in Virginia to load up on coal before it was to return to Lisbon, where eighty-six refugees feared they would again be denied entry without proper visas and be returned to their various countries now under German occupation.
Preface of The Border of Truth by Victoria Redel
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